Technology 1970-Present

In 1977 NASA launched The Voyager program which is still on going. The scientific program employs two robotic probes Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Both were launched to take advantage on how the alignment of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune were arranged. Now that NASA has discovered the alignment, they are now discovering more about the heliosphere.

Their original mission was to study the planetary system. While Voyager 1 was studying the planets Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 3 continued onto Uranus and Neptune. Now both Voyagers are said to be discovering the interstellar space.

Back in August of 2012 it was indicated that Voyager 1 became the first human-made object to enter into interstellar space, traveling “further than anyone or anything in history.”

As of 2013, it is expected that Voyager 2 will be entering into the interstellar space in 2016.

On November of 1971 the world’s first microprocessor was made the Intel 4004. It is a 4-bit central processing unit also referred as CPU and it was released by Intel Corporations. It is completely amazing to myself how far along and how fast we have come along. I am using am Intel central processing until right now as I type these words.

It was not that far away that when personal computers and calculators began to be made. The personal computer or rather as how we now say PC was made for the compatibility of its size and uses. These uses include but are not limited to the internet, world wide web, gaming, digital media playback and so much more.

Many modern computers come along with different operating for example Windows, Apple, HP, and Acer. Apple has been rated the highest out of all electronic uses.

Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1^st 1976. It is the largest information technology company. It was originally named Apple Computer Inc. It was revisions due to its loyalty into being into the whole electronic departments. And has proven to mostly everyone that it is possibly the best electronic device you would pay for.

Yes, I do

admit how whack does this type writer look.

Along with technology changes. More in the medical side the magnetic resonance imaging was founded by Paul Lauterberg in September of 1971. During the 1970s a team that was led by John Mallard where his team had built the first magnetic resonance imaging machine full body scanner. It was not used until August in 1980 that which was able to determine a patient’s diagnosis. The MRI showed a tumor in the patient’s chest, an abnormal liver, and secondary cancer in the bones.

Laurterber imaging experiment changed the dimensional series on viewing the in the inner body. If it was not for the MRI scientist would or would not of have been stuck with the NMR spectroscopy which is just a single dimension viewing. Nothing compared to the MRI.

Going back to electronics again it was until 1973 where Dr. Martin Cooper was considered the inventor of the first portable phone.  This is Dr. Cooper with a prototype of Motorola DynaTAC 8000x the world’s first commercial cellphone. The call that was place from New York to the headquarters at New Jersey was quite a success towards Cooper. It was an enormous step into the developmental state of mobile phones. Compared to today’s mobile phones the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x looks like a dinosaur. “You mean this isn’t touch?” Something everybody will say. “Where is the camera?” The DynaTAC was made to be at least fourteen inches as the years went on cell phones began to get smaller to be more convenient put in your pocket. But now it has seem to be reversed. I feel like that Apple has begun to want to bring back the 70’s. The first iPhone was less than six inches. Now the iPhone are becoming to be more like bricks. Yes, although they are great for so many reasons but pockets less likely to grow unless you have freakishly large legs.

Arcade games began to have an enormous grow in the late 1970’s and by 1982 they were a major industry. Kids began to stop having fun in the sun and start to just hang out at their friend’s house to play video games. Unfortunately, the industry saw this growing problem and tried to phase themselves out of the United States by 1983. However, nobody would of thought this would be an even bigger since all the industries had to do was stop making video game products. Another incident occurred two characters tried to help save a princess from a castle from a monster. Yes, I am talking about Mario and Luigi. The failure of the industry trying to kill themselves was revived by Nintendo. The Nintendo Entertainment System would take claim over ninety percent of the American entertainment system. Other games that would become popular was Pacman, Super Mario Brothers, and the Legend of Zelda.

All of electronic histories have a value to them. Everyone should be thankful for all the electronic devices that they carry around or they are able to get a hold off. Although it may seem to look that life seemed easier without them. Despite all the crashing and viruses that can occur especially to sensitive laptops. But yet we can not live with them and we can not live with out them. I mean everywhere we go is something to an ordinary computer to an outstanding small device that holds so much information ones head can possibly imagine.

In current technology our systems have become nothing but touchscreen and are now manufacturing devices that can produce holograms. Can you just believe how up to date we are and scientists are still discovering great big advancements in technology in the near future. Just recently Apple (of course) made a small watch where it can act as an exercise partner, text messages, phone answerer. It can all be used when your phone is not in range. Technology is great and useful.

Technology 1940-1969

The Electronic Numerical Integrator Computer (ENIC) was made to solve large class of numerical problems. The first program the ENIC programmed included of the feasibility of the hydrogen bombs. In 1946 the ENIC was announced as the “Giant Brain”. Speaking of the brain, during the effects of World War II on modern psychology was not limited to the research, assessment, training, and clinical treatment activities of psychologists during the war itself, as important as those were. Psychology in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s began as a reaction to behaviorism and Psychoanalysis. Throughout the 1950’s a big change, changed the study known as the human mind that is now known as the Cognitive Resolution or also known as Cognitive Dissonance. In 1957 psychologist Leon Festinger the Cognitive Dissonance theory, this theory is based on three fundamental assumptions. 1) Humans are sensitive to inconsistencies between actions and belief. 2) Recognition of this inconsistency will cause dissonance, and will motivate an individual to resolve the dissonance. 3) Dissonance will be resolved in one of three basic ways: a) change beliefs b) change actions c) change perception of action.

Research into rockets during the 1950s served as a military purpose. After World War II both the Americans and Soviets wanted to send a rocket into space and see if that could carry bombs into the enemy territory. On October fourth, 1957 Americans were shocked when scientist heard a loud high pitched radio beeping during a broadcast overhead. It was Sputnik, a man mad satellite to orbit Earth. A Russian creation that passed America every ninety two minutes, with the speed of 18,000 miles per hour. This lead in America to fear that at any moment their country can be crumbled up into pieces.  

Sputnik was about the size of a beach pounds. Less than a month later a bigger satellite was launched into space to follow Sputnik, however this satellite actually carried a dog. Americans were stunned even more of this event happening. At that time President Eisenhower was under power and told America that is was basically nothing to be worried about. Then Eisenhower prepared to try to launch a three pound satellite which only disintegrated. Americans grew more concerns when newspaper headlines labeled the failed tests “kaputnik”, “flopnik”, and “stayputnik”.

There are a couple of things we should all thank the 1950’s on inventing these certain technologies, because it changed our world. Also it became America so advanced in technology, it is unbelievable to think that it was not that long that people had small televisions in just one room. Now we have these huge seventy inches and bigger televisions in every room. Sometimes even outside because we came to develop on how we can make a television wireless. Not having the need to use cables to watch entertainment outside while having a barbeque. It would be surprising to see a family that has a television and a “lazy bone tuning” also known for the remote.  For instances if we did not come up with the latest telephones and cell phones. We would have to be carrying around a brick in our pockets. There would also not be any texting. I wonder if these changes would not of had happened, how would today’s children, and teenagers would be behaving?

To begin with, imagine a world without the iPhone. We should all say thanks to microchips/ integrated circuit. Although the first microchip bears little resemblance on today’s modern equivalent. Microchips were co-founded by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. Despite the fact that their creations were only six months apart.

Where Jack Kilby managed to develop the first working model in 1958, Robert Noyce has a different version. He used silicone instead of germanium and interconnecting the components efficiently. The first commercial viable microchip were released by the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation in 1961. Oh, and they were also the size of your baby finger. These microchips consisted of one transistor, three resistors, and one capacitor. While these days our microchips can hold twenty five million transistors. It’s hard to believe that this small object changed the face of computing FOREVER.

Colored television began to be broadcasted in 1953. Although it does not seem like much, this was the earliest television improvement in the 1950’s. It was first broadcasted in January first 1954. Americans did not really care much for colored television. For the next couple years they were still watching their grey and white scale television. It was not until a singer Patti Page and her Big Record Show on CBS was the first television show broadcasted in color for the entire seasons of 1957-1958. The live broadcasted was staged on what is now the famous Ed Sullivan Theater and Production. It costed much to watch the show live, not just because of the setting but also of its high intensity of lighting, updated and expensive cameras to record the show. In fact, to broadcast the show costed even more the movies sometimes. Soon after that season was over, everybody watched that show as to what I read. It was not until a year later that all television shows were broadcasted in color.

Now the first stored program computer, Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, EDSAC. Alongside with the ENIC. EDSAC was the first British computer and the LEO 1 (Lyrons Electronic Office 1) built by Lyron and Co, was the first computer used for business applications devised on the EDSAC model. Also David Wheeler, was the man who received the first ever Computer Science PhD, invented the subroutine with EDSAC and co-wrote the first book in programming in 1951.

The best is yet to come with A S Douglas, he created OXO, noughts and crosses, for the EDSAC with graphical output to a cathode ray tube. This was believe to be the world’s first video game to use a graphic display. But it is a petty thing from today’s video game stand point. Now we have gaming laptop, desktop, or a home portable computer.

EDSAC was also the size of small size with tubes that ran five feet long.

Technology 1914-1945

Don’t you ever think back and actually try to analyze how much history we have made for the past one hundred years. Around 1914 scientist were beginning to develop a space rocket. Physicist Robert Goddard was thinking for about two years on how to build a rocket designed with separate stages, a separate combustion chamber, and with greatly increased exhaust speed. It was not until the 1920 when Goddard began to publish his work and even sent in a reference to send it to space. Goddard began his work by building a solid propellant rocket. He also tried various amounts of different types of fuels. He then came to realization that his a rocket could be propelled better by liquid fuel, the exhaust would burn a liquid fuel much faster thus inventing the first successful flight with a liquid- propellant rocket on March 16, 1926. Although the rocket only flew for about two and a half seconds, climbed 12.5 meters, and landed about fifty six meters away. Now at this day of age we look at that flight test as a fail but, it was quite a success since the Wright brothers in 1903.

Now at this time we have rockets flying into space, and not just small rockets but huge rockets. That stay in space for who knows how long, because there is that weird different time zone from space and earth.

Looking back at history, they tend to be hot days especially in the mid-west. Usually the women would have someone on their bedside and fan them all day long. At least that is how I picture it. AIR CONDITION were included in the 1920’s in private home, where the wealthy people lived. Air conditioning was only used and bought by the wealthy due to costing about ten thousand to fifty thousand that is about as much as one hundred and twenty thousand to six hundred thousand dollars today! In 1931, H.H. Schultz and J.Q. Sherman invent an individual room air conditioner that sits on a window ledge, the design that is still used whenever we go to a motel or a cheap hotel.  Before this came about there were inventors already trying to manufacture this, by using a simple ceiling and some sort of liquid that will turn the air cold.

Moving onto war like technology. The tank has now been conceived by designs from Leonardo DaVinci and HG Wells, but it made their first appearance on the battlefield on 1914. The tractors were the inspiration to making battle tanks. Although horses were great for the speed, and fuel. It was often the muddy parts of war that had a French engineer want a death machine made up of heavy armory and also made up of heavy wheels and rollers. Once the British found out about the armor, they were opposed as a threat. It was not until the War of Somme that actually had used the first battle tank in war on 1916. Along with battle tanks, prototypes computers were also being designed specifically for wartime use.

The first electronic computer constructed was called Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator in 1943 and it was not completed until 1946. It was made for general purposes, such numerical problems. J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly created this mainly to help the war effort against German forces. What really caught my attention is that it weighed about fifty tons, occupied 1,800 square feet, used 17,468 vacuum tubes, 15,000 relays, uses 200 kilowatts of electricity, and cost about 500,000 dollars. Imagine carrying that in your pocket or small purse. Our electronic devices have become so small and simple in less than one hundred year!

When the United States entered World War 1 all amateur and commercial used was put on a paused on April seventh 1917 ordered by the president to either get shut down or be taken over by the government. It became illegal for any U.S. citizen to have an operational radio transmitter or receiver throughout the duration of the war. Giving thanks to Edwin Howard Armstrong to invent the regenerative circuit while being an undergraduate at Columbia University and working at their basement. Following up with his amazing design we now use as a modern radio, he also invented a super heterodyne receiver which is often called super het. Super het is basically just make the radio sound better. The super heterodyne principle is often virtually used for today’s modern radio. Armstrong was named “the most prolific and influential inventor in radio history”.

Military technology has also has had an increase in 1914, expanding their military weapons, poisonous gas, and nuclear bombs. Going along with gas masks Garett Morgan developed gas masks to help protect soldiers that were exposed to mustard gas. When someone was exposed to mustard it results into crucial blisters on the skins and lungs. Leaving this gas one of the most fatal and common deaths in battle.

Enough of these depressing topics, in 1930 Warner Brothers created the first All Talking All Color widescreen movie, Song of the Flame. This film was based on a broad way musical which was nominated for an Academy Away for Sound Recording. Following with sound Paul Turmac invested the first bass guitar. Being a musician myself, and having to try to put myself in a position where I would actually have to create the music. Not make and read music, but create it and call it whatever i want because I am the inventor. I do not think i would be able to find such a way to be able to put together a few strings and stroke it and claim ownership off of it.

Technology from 1914 is relevant to today’s technology. It helps define how much we actually might not even need technology. Yes, we would not be as advanced as we are now. In my eyes I see technology just becoming more complicated than anything has to be.  I also do believe that in certain places for examples hospitals, banks, and/or school can possibly need an advanced technical equipment. For all other purposes, I believe it is unnecessary. It is rather known as an entertainment object, rather than something that can be useful.

Technology in 1866-1914

Some of our young consumer think of technology today as “slow” or “not that great“. I remember when I was about six years old that the greatest game of all was that pinball game on that the dinosaur computer (we once all had if you are a 90s or 80s baby) when your parents didn’t want to pay for internet. Hours and hours of just making a ball hit several items to get a high score. This was around early 2000s so yes it was quite recent but nothing compared to the 1800s. Now that I look back I really do appreciate all these cool handheld electronics that have been made just for our entertainment…sometimes even for business.

So let’s take it back a couple decades when the telegraphy had just began to work and it was starting to get it’s recognition has today’s texts messages. The U.S. did not use the telegraphy until it showed it was successfully completed with using a transatlantic cable in 1866.  There was a new way to sending and receiving message without using the operators who had to have training in Morse code to interpret messages. Following the telegrapher, teleprinters were now invented to do what the telegraphy did but with out the hassle of Morse code. The system of two teleprinters, with one operator trained to use a typewrite replace not just one but TWO Morse code operators.

Today many of Americans are so concentrated into their phones that they do not pay attention to their surroundings. Out whole world has revolved around technology a six year old is mainly entertained with an iPad tablet. What happened to playing outside with your own shadows and jumping in puddles after it rained. Playing handball at school and just embracing nature, rolling around in the grass. I have a sister who is eight years old. Yes she does play outside, I personally made her a swing so she can just get out of the house for once in a while. What she does now is play outside on her swing, and record VIDEOS!!!!!!! She literally blogs on YouTube and can just talk about anything. The reason she does this is because she goes on her cell phone, clicks on YouTube and just watches random videos that look intriguing to her. All due to being born in a high tech era.  

When there is texting there is also phone calls. So in our pockets right now there is about a 5 in screen that cracks with the slightest touch, (iPhone users know what I’m talking about) behind that screen is a whole bunch of codes and some buttons that I still don’t understand. Before all this great things began Alexander Graham Bell was credited for inventing the first practical telephone in 1876. It somewhat looked similar to the cups and strings phones we use to make when we were kids. The invention of the telephone was so powerful it generated into other great inventions. 

During the 1880-1882 Thomas Edison was on his way on creating electric lighting. Edison developed other greatly influences in life that went world wide including the phonograph. While Bell created the telephone, the phonograph was made to just record sound. Edison also invented the motion picture cinema and the practical long lasting electric light bulb Is it not just crazy how much technology escalated in just one decade while it took many years for one inventor just to distribute the equipment he should THINK what he needs.

Before as to what I assume is that people would be left in the dark at night time with just candles or candled lanterns which did not really help (well from out perspective today). Now that Edison created this great world wide influence on us, people can even stay up longer or have WILD parties at their houses. Photographers can also not have to rely on the sun so much and take night, dark pictures with enough lighting to captivate the pictures.

Moving onto the 1890-1895s was when commercial production of automobiles began and was at an early stage.The first company that formed the automobiles was Panhard et Levassor in France in 1887. In 1891 was when they designed the first Levassor which consisted of four wheels a front mounted engine with rear wheel drive and a sliding gear transmission which were sold for 3500 francs. This began to have people experience road trips probably not as long as today’s but enough where their families were content with just about anything.

Now to what I understand from today’s perspective is that people tend to show off their cars. To those people who were able to afford cars were probably the owners of factories which were making BIG money. Compared to today’s Americans, the people who have nice cars and spend so much money on their cars are actually not the richest. People with nice cars are often judged to be someone who makes a lot of money but truthfully to those people. Those people are the ones that tend to have no money because of their car and how much money they put into something that can be destroyed within a second or milliseconds.

Following the design Levassor made, the Model T Ford created by Henry Ford completely dominating the automobile market and selling more automobiles compared to the other makers combined in 1914. The Ford Model T also known as T-Model Ford or Model-T was best regarded for it was an affordable price to the common middle-class American. This was because Henry Ford made this automobile by an assembly rather than an individual craftsmanship. This one particular automobile really did make a difference due to the fact that the automobiles from previous decades were much more expensive but not that luxurious. Henry Ford made it available for any man to be able to take their ow family out to family sightings and are able to take vacations to adventurous resorts on the weekends before the whole began again.

Technology is changing our mentally with just how much it’s advancements and it is controlling our little ones.